{"id":2966,"date":"2026-08-08T00:31:57","date_gmt":"2026-08-07T21:31:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lunakas.com\/?post_type=travel_guide&p=2966"},"modified":"2026-08-08T01:28:22","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T22:28:22","slug":"xanthos-likyanin-efsane-kenti","status":"publish","type":"travel_guide","link":"https:\/\/www.lunakas.com\/tr\/gezi-rehberi\/xanthos-likyanin-efsane-kenti\/","title":{"rendered":"Xanthos: Likya’n\u0131n Efsane Kenti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Milattan \u00f6nce 545 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ksanthoslular, Heredot’un anlatmaktan kendini alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fey yapt\u0131lar. Kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndaki Pers ordusuna dayanamayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131nca kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131, k\u00f6lelerini ve b\u00fct\u00fcn mallar\u0131n\u0131 kalenin i\u00e7ine toplad\u0131lar, ate\u015fe verdiler ve sonra \u00f6lmek \u00fczere sava\u015f meydan\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcler. Pers komutan\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131; eline yanmakta olan, bombo\u015f bir \u015fehir ge\u00e7ti. Yirmi be\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra ayn\u0131 tepeye \u00e7\u0131kabilir, Luna Ka\u015f’tan k\u0131rk be\u015f kilometre uzakta, olay\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerde durabilirsin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ksanthos, Likya’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kenti ve Likya Birli\u011fi’nin y\u00f6netim merkeziydi. D\u00f6rt kilometre \u00f6tedeki kutsal alan Letoon ile birlikte 1988’den beri UNESCO D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131 Listesi’nde. Ka\u015f’ta birka\u00e7 g\u00fcnden fazla kalacaksan, b\u00fct\u00fcn bir sabah\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rmaya de\u011fer antik kent buras\u0131. Gelmeden \u00f6nce bir M\u00fczekart al; bu civarda k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede kendini amorti ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ksanthos Nerede, Nas\u0131l Gidilir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Antik kent, Ka\u015f’\u0131n K\u0131n\u0131k k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn yukar\u0131s\u0131nda; Ka\u015f’a 45, Fethiye’ye 46 kilometre uzakl\u0131kta. E\u015fen \u00c7ay\u0131 ovas\u0131na bakan iki tepenin \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015f. Eski \u00e7a\u011flarda gemiler buraya kadar gelebiliyormu\u015f; bug\u00fcn deniz sekiz kilometre \u00f6tede, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ay iki bin y\u0131l boyunca aradaki mesafeyi doldurmu\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zel ara\u00e7la:<\/strong> Ka\u015f-Kalkan sahil yolunu takip edip K\u0131n\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fcne devam et. Yolculuk yakla\u015f\u0131k bir saat s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.
Dolmu\u015fla:<\/strong> Ka\u015f’tan Kalkan ya da K\u0131n\u0131k dolmu\u015funa bin, K\u0131n\u0131k’ta in ve giri\u015fe kadar olan son bir kilometreyi y\u00fcr\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Kenti Efsanele\u015ftiren Ku\u015fatma<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pers komutan\u0131 Harpagos, milattan \u00f6nce 545’te Likya’ya y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Ksanthos uzun s\u00fcre direndi. Surlar\u0131n art\u0131k dayanmayaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131nca kentin erkekleri, okudu\u011fun g\u00fcne g\u00f6re ya g\u00f6rkemli ya da katlan\u0131lmaz gelen bir karar verdiler: tek bir Ksanthoslu bile diri ele ge\u00e7mesin diye ailelerini ve b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Likya akropol\u00fcne kapat\u0131p yakt\u0131lar, ard\u0131ndan sava\u015facak kimse kalmayana kadar d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015fmeye gittiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Harpagos kenti ald\u0131 ama al\u0131nmaya de\u011fer hi\u00e7bir \u015fey bulamad\u0131. Ksanthos tarihe, teslim olmaktansa kendini yok eden \u015fehir olarak ge\u00e7ti. D\u00f6rt y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra, milattan \u00f6nce 42’de Romal\u0131 Brutus kenti ku\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131lar. Bu kent, ba\u015fka her ne idiyse, kararlar\u0131nda tutarl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kenti Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Gezmek<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki tepe var; her birinin kendi akropol\u00fc ve g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bi\u00e7imde farkl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fc sistemleriyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kendi sur duvarlar\u0131 bulunuyor. Al\u00e7ak olan birinci tepe, ikisinin daha eskisi ve yak\u0131lan yer: Likya akropol\u00fc. \u0130kincisi, daha y\u00fcksek ve daha geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131lan Roma akropol\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roma d\u00f6nemine ait tiyatro, Likya akropol\u00fcn\u00fcn kuzeyinde duruyor; kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n en g\u00f6zdeleri de tiyatronun hemen bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki alanda. Roma Agoras\u0131 tiyatronun yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda. Kaz\u0131larda toplam \u00fc\u00e7 agora, geni\u015f bir ana cadde, bir meclis binas\u0131, bir saray, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir konut ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da Roma an\u0131t mezar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n

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G\u00f6zden Ka\u00e7\u0131rma<\/h2>\n

Ayr\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce bulmaya de\u011fer be\u015f \u015fey.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n

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\n \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/span>\n <\/div>\n

Roma tiyatrosu<\/h3>\n

Likya akropol\u00fcn\u00fcn kuzeyinde. Gezmeye ba\u015flamak i\u00e7in do\u011fal yer; g\u00f6r\u00fclecek her \u015fey buradan da\u011f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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\n \ud83e\udeb6<\/span>\n <\/div>\n

Harpy An\u0131t\u0131<\/h3>\n

Ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerindeki yar\u0131 kad\u0131n, yar\u0131 ku\u015f fig\u00fcrlerden alan bir dikme mezar. Yerinde duran bir kopya; as\u0131llar\u0131 Londra'da.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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\n \ud83d\udcdc<\/span>\n <\/div>\n

Yaz\u0131tl\u0131 Dikilita\u015f<\/h3>\n

Agoran\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fusunda. Likya dilinde bilinen en uzun metin, Grek\u00e7esiyle birlikte; Kherei adl\u0131 prensin yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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\n \u26f0\ufe0f<\/span>\n <\/div>\n

\u0130ki akropol<\/h3>\n

Likya ve Roma akropolleri yan yana, farkl\u0131 ta\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ilikleriyle. Ate\u015f, Likya olan\u0131nda yak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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\n \ud83e\udea6<\/span>\n <\/div>\n

Lahitler<\/h3>\n

Kentin her yan\u0131na da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dikme ve kaya mezarlar\u0131. En eskileri milattan \u00f6nce 7. y\u00fczy\u0131la iniyor.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n \n\n\n

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Burada Kalanlar, Londra’ya Gidenler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1838’de Likya’ya gelen \u0130ngiliz gezgin Charles Fellows, K\u0131n\u0131k’\u0131n yukar\u0131s\u0131ndaki kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n Ksanthos oldu\u011funu saptad\u0131. Ondan \u00f6nce Likya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Avrupa’da neredeyse hi\u00e7 bilinmiyordu; ondan sonra bir anda me\u015fhur oldu. 1840’ta geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve yetmi\u015f tondan fazla heykel ve mimari par\u00e7ay\u0131 \u0130ngiltere’ye g\u00f6nderdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nereidler An\u0131t\u0131, Payava Lahdi, F-G-H an\u0131tlar\u0131 ve Harpy An\u0131t\u0131’n\u0131n kabartmalar\u0131 bug\u00fcn British Museum’un Likya salonunda. Tepede onlar\u0131n yerinde g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerin ise kopyalar ve bo\u015f temeller. Gitmeden bunu bilmekte fayda var; b\u00f6ylece o bo\u015fluklar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde durdu\u011funda neye bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlars\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kentin Likya dilindeki kendi ad\u0131 Arnna<\/em>‘yd\u0131. Homeros, Ksanthoslular\u0131n Troya sava\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazar; yani bu halk, kendi tarihini yazmaya ba\u015flamadan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce hik\u00e2yenin i\u00e7indeydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ksanthos'un Zaman \u00c7izelgesi<\/h2>\n

Tek bir tepede on iki y\u00fczy\u0131l: ku\u015fatmadan sessizli\u011fe.<\/p>\n

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M\u00d6 545: Harpagos<\/h3>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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M\u00d6 475-450: \u0130kinci yang\u0131n<\/h3>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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M\u00d6 334: B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender<\/h3>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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M\u00d6 2. y\u00fczy\u0131l: Ba\u015fkent<\/h3>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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M\u00d6 42: Brutus<\/h3>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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MS 1. y\u00fczy\u0131l: Bug\u00fcn g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerin<\/h3>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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Bizans d\u00f6nemi: Piskoposluk<\/h3>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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7. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra: Sessizlik<\/h3>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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Alanda g\u00f6lge neredeyse yok. Erken git, yan\u0131na su al ve taban\u0131 sa\u011flam bir ayakkab\u0131 giy; zemin engebeli kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n \n\n\n

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D\u00f6rt Kilometre \u0130leride: Letoon<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ksanthos siyasi ba\u015fkentti, Letoon ise dini merkez. Ayn\u0131 UNESCO kayd\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yorlar ve aralar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca d\u00f6rt kilometre; buraya kadar gelmi\u015fken u\u011framamak i\u00e7in pek bahane kalm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alanda yan yana \u00fc\u00e7 tap\u0131nak var: Leto’ya ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 Artemis ile Apollon’a adanm\u0131\u015f. Kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00e7o\u011fu zaman suyun alt\u0131nda kal\u0131yor. Kula\u011fa sorun gibi geliyor ama asl\u0131nda oran\u0131n en g\u00fczel yan\u0131 bu; s\u00fctunlar durgun bir havuzun i\u00e7inde duruyor, kurba\u011falar ve yans\u0131malar e\u015fli\u011finde. Az \u00f6nce indi\u011fin \u00e7\u0131plak tepeye g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha ye\u015fil ve serin.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Patara da ayn\u0131 g\u00fcne s\u0131\u011facak kadar yak\u0131n. B\u00f6ylece Likya Birli\u011fi’nin ba\u015fkentini, kutsal alan\u0131n\u0131 ve meclis binas\u0131n\u0131 tek turda g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, \u00fcst\u00fcne on sekiz kilometrelik kumsalda g\u00fcn\u00fc kapatm\u0131\u015f olursun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n \n \n
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\n Ksanthos Ka\u015f'a ne kadar uzakl\u0131kta? <\/h3>\n <\/span>\n <\/summary>\n
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Yakla\u015f\u0131k 45 kilometre; Ka\u015f-Kalkan sahil yolundan ara\u00e7la bir saat s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Fethiye’ye uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise 46 kilometre.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/details>\n

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\n Ksanthos'a ara\u00e7 olmadan gidilir mi? <\/h3>\n <\/span>\n <\/summary>\n
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Gidilir. Ka\u015f Otogar\u0131’ndan Kalkan ya da K\u0131n\u0131k dolmu\u015funa binip K\u0131n\u0131k k\u00f6y\u00fcnde inebilir, giri\u015fe kadar olan son bir kilometreyi y\u00fcr\u00fcyebilirsin.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/details>\n

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\n Ksanthos gezmeye de\u011fer mi? <\/h3>\n <\/span>\n <\/summary>\n
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Likyal\u0131lara az\u0131c\u0131k ilgin varsa, bu k\u0131y\u0131daki en \u00f6nemli tek yer buras\u0131: Likya’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kenti ve birli\u011fin ba\u015fkenti, 1988’den beri UNESCO listesinde. \u0130ki saat ay\u0131r; Letoon’a da ge\u00e7eceksen daha fazlas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/details>\n

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\n M\u00fczekart Ksanthos'ta ge\u00e7erli mi? <\/h3>\n <\/span>\n <\/summary>\n
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Ge\u00e7erli. Ka\u015f \u00e7evresinde birden fazla antik kent g\u00f6rmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsan almaya de\u011fer. Letoon, Patara, Myra ve Tlos hepsi ula\u015f\u0131labilir mesafede.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/details>\n

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\n Ksanthos'un \u00fcnl\u00fc eserleri neden British Museum'da? <\/h3>\n <\/span>\n <\/summary>\n
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Charles Fellows kenti 1838’de saptad\u0131 ve 1840’lardan itibaren yetmi\u015f tonu a\u015fk\u0131n malzemeyi \u0130ngiltere’ye g\u00f6nderdi. Nereidler An\u0131t\u0131, Payava Lahdi ve Harpy An\u0131t\u0131 kabartmalar\u0131 British Museum’un Likya salonunda. Ksanthos’ta yerlerinde kopyalar\u0131 duruyor.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/details>\n

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\n Ksanthos ve Letoon birlikte gezilebilir mi? <\/h3>\n <\/span>\n <\/summary>\n
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Rahatl\u0131kla. Aralar\u0131 d\u00f6rt kilometre, ayn\u0131 UNESCO kayd\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yorlar ve birlikte g\u00fczel bir yar\u0131m g\u00fcn ediyorlar. Ayn\u0131 gezinin sonuna Patara da eklenebilir.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/details>\n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n